What Jobs are available for Aviation in South Africa?

• Continuously ensure compliance to applicable safety policies and procedures;


• Ensure the efficient execution of all activities relating to a positive passenger experience;


• Continuously promote a high level of integrity;


• Ensure a high standard of administrative compliance.

• Grade 12 or equivalent;


• Current and Valid (non-negotiable):


• SACAA Cabin Crew License;
  
  
  
  • Avmed DD50 Medical Certificate;
  
  
  • Dangerous Goods Certificate;
  
  
  • Ditching Certificate;
  
  
  • Fire Fighting Certificate;
  
  
  
  


• Valid SA driver’s licence and own motor vehicle (non-negotiable);


• Level 4 English language proficiency;


• Medically fit and able to swim;


• Willingness to work shifts, weekends and on public holidays. This includes early morning sign-on’s or late evening sign-offs.

Personal Attributes:

• Attentive and compassionate with excellent communication and interpersonal skills;


• Customer-service orientated with exceptional diplomacy and unquestionable integrity;


• High commitment to safety and able to operate under stressful conditions;


• Professional both in behaviour and conduct;


• Well-groomed and immaculate appearance (100% Adherence to company uniform and grooming regulations);


• No visible tattoos;


• Immaculate time keeping.

POSITION DESCRIPTION

Managementof Safety Oversight Plans for General Aviation Organisations (Part 93, Part 149 and certain Part 96 Organisations)

• Determine the safety objectives for the general aviation sector
• Draw up and implement Master Oversight and Surveillance Plans/ programmes for safety oversight
• Determine and allocate the resources to execute the safety and oversight plans Manage the resources that conduct the safety oversight plans
• Continuously review operational performance against the MOSP and the progress of other technical and operational programs.
• Make relevant recommendations pertaining to safety management systems for general aviation organisations.

Budgeting and Control

• Compile and manage the section's budget Control budget expenditure
• Implement budget control procedures.

Operational Management

• Manage all inspectors to ensure that safety is not being compromised.
• Schedule inspectors to ensure timeous response to operational demands. Ensure all inspectors are trained in accordingly to perform their duties Monitor and measure departmental performance.
• Oversee the operational process according to ICAO and ISO standards Respond to tactical and operational issues arising from day to day general aviation organisation.

Safety and Quality Standards

• Directly support with the creation of regulations and safety standards for general aviation organisations.
• Through the CAA Regulation, ensure that safety is maintained for all general aviation organisations.
• Identify latent failures in the operator's safety management systems.
• Guide the industry on according to safety standards to ensure that safety is not being compromised.
• Act on behalf of the SACAA to advocate safety and efficiency of general aviation organisations.

Regulatory Compliance

• Establish operational framework for general aviation organisations in line with regulations.
• Provide entry support to the legal system on enforcement issues through the Enforcement Committee.
• Update and amend all documentations, checklists, and procedures to ensure compliance with regulations.
• Supply consistent advise on compliance with regulations and policies to the industry and the Director of Civil Aviation in line with best practice.

Management of Direct Reports

• Develop, lead, discipline, supervise and foster human relationships to motivate and manage a team of personnel within the general aviation to ensure maximum staff efficiency and performance.
• Manage key performance areas of directly reporting staff members to ensure achievement of their agreed objectives.
• Monitor performance of staff against agreed performance standards and ensure attainment of departmental deliverables.
• Provide operational support and direction to staff members Ensure direct reports are adequately trained.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS

EDUCATION:

• Commercial Pilot License with 500 Flying Hours.
• NQF Level 6 Qualification in Management or related field.

EXPERIENCE:

• 5 Years experience in General Aviation OR in a Aviation Regulation Environment.
• 3 Years experience at management or supervisory level as an added advantage.

Closing date: 03 October 2025

All SACAA appointments are subject to S98 of the Civil Aviation Act, 13 of 2009 and all successful candidates will be subjected to security vetting. Employment Equity candidates will be prioritised in line with Employment Equity Plan. If you have not heard from the SACAA 90 days after the closing date, consider your application unsuccessful.

• Conduct line maintenance inspections;


• Ensure quality is in on Pre-Flight, Post Flight and Transit inspections performed;


• Performing routine and non-routine inspections and maintenance on aircraft to ensure they meet the highest safety and operational standards;


• Conduct routine inspections on various avionics systems on the aircraft;


• Conduct fault finding and rectify based on the fault;


• Perform thorough daily inspections of the aircraft to identify any potential issues or defects;


• Conduct necessary maintenance tasks to ensure the airworthiness of the aircraft;


• Adhere to established maintenance procedures and safety standards;


• All activities must be properly recorded and signed off as per SACAA requirements ensuring that all the required legal aspects are complied with;


• Health and Safety requirements must always be complied with to ensure Personal and other Personnel Safety, Fire and Accident/Incident preventions;


• Ensure that the work area, equipment, and tooling are properly maintained and safe prior to starting any job to prevent accidents or incidents to aircraft and staff;


• Maintain the highest quality and standard of inspections;


• Apply analytical thinking and troubleshooting techniques to identify root causes and implement effective solutions;


• Communicate clearly and professionally to ensure smooth workflow and timely completion of maintenance tasks.

• Grade 12 or equivalent;


• Licensed AME with a SACAA W1, W2, W3 license on B738 -400/ -800 (Essential);


• Compass Swing (Advantageous);


• Minimum of 15 years aviation experience;


• Line and SVM experience;


• Previous experience working on B737-400 and -800;


• Willingness to work shifts, weekends and on public holidays;


• Must be available and willing to travel at short notice, both locally and internationally;


• Valid South-African passport holder;


• Sound understanding of technical aircraft publications and documentation;


• Maintain a thorough understanding of aviation regulations and safety standards;


• Good understanding of the Avionics Schematic systems;


• Excellent knowledge and troubleshooting experience on B737/400/800;


• Proficient in the use of Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook.

Personal Attributes:

• Professional;


• High Integrity;


• Self-disciplined;


• Ethical;


• Reliable and dependable;


• Proactive self-starter’ capable of functioning on his/her own with any supervision;


• Committed to delivering quality work;


• Excellent time-keeping;


• Analytical thinking;


• Strong communication skills;


• Able to follow instructions per work instructions;


• Detail-orientated.

Application guideline:

• Email applications will not be accepted;


• Preference will be given to members of under-represented designated groups;


• Should no feedback be provided within two (2) weeks from the closing date, please consider your application as unsuccessful.

FlySafair reserves the right:

• Not to proceed with this vacancy;


• To appoint the selected candidates based on its operational requirements.

Closing Date: 4 August 2025

• Continuously ensure compliance to applicable safety policies and procedures;


• Ensure the efficient execution of all activities relating to a positive passenger experience;


• Continuously promote a high level of integrity;


• Ensure a high standard of administrative compliance.

• Grade 12 or equivalent;


• Current and Valid (non-negotiable):


• SACAA Cabin Crew License;
  
  
  
  • Avmed DD50 Medical Certificate;
  
  
  • Dangerous Goods Certificate;
  
  
  • Ditching Certificate;
  
  
  • Fire Fighting Certificate;
  
  
  
  


• Valid SA driver’s licence and own motor vehicle (non-negotiable);


• Level 4 English language proficiency;


• Medically fit and able to swim;


• Willingness to work shifts, weekends and on public holidays. This includes early morning sign-on’s or late evening sign-offs.

Personal Attributes:

• Attentive and compassionate with excellent communication and interpersonal skills;


• Customer-service orientated with exceptional diplomacy and unquestionable integrity;


• High commitment to safety and able to operate under stressful conditions;


• Professional both in behaviour and conduct;


• Well-groomed and immaculate appearance (100% Adherence to company uniform and grooming regulations);


• No visible tattoos;


• Immaculate time keeping.

Application Guideline:

• Email applications will not be accepted;


• Preference will be given to members of under-represented designated groups;


• Should no feedback be provided within two (2) weeks from the closing date, please consider your application as unsuccessful.

FlySafair reserves the right:

• Not to proceed with this vacancy;


• To appoint the selected candidates based on its operational requirements.

Closing Date: 1 November 2024

Job Description
Key Performance Outputs The successful candidate will be reporting to the Manager Airfield Services, and will be responsible for but not limited to the following:

• Accurately capture air traffic movement data which include aircraft landing take off and parking times
• Monitor all radio frequencies and escalate non-compliance.
• Source estimated time of arrival/departure of various aircraft operators.
• Update flight information display system
• Reconciliation of Air traffic and Navigation Service logs and Airport Management System movements.
• Capture all movements in the Airport Management System.
• Ensure alignment of airline schedule against seasonal slots.
• Generate and distribute a resource plan (parking bay list) for the purpose of all stakeholders.
• Manage and coordinate airport resources.
• Notify marshalling department of inbound aircraft
• Notify Airport Operations of resource changes when required.
• Manage aircraft changes and take remedial action as and when required
• Responsible for flight allocation schedules and non-scheduled operations.
• Ensure that all non-scheduled flights are allocated to available resources.
• Handle financial transactions and receive cash
• Maintain a good relationship with stakeholders.

Technical Skills and Experience The following skills and experience or the equivalent of such, will be required:

• The candidate must be in possession of a Higher Certificate in Logistics, Commercial or Operations.
• 2 years' knowledge of aeronautical documentation.
• 1-year stakeholder engagement operational experience.
• Intermediate Proficiency and working knowledge of MS Office.
• Knowledge of Airport Operations.
• Knowledge of Aviation Legislations.

Competencies

• Analytical
• Interpersonal Relationships
• Attention to Detail
• Results Driven
• Problem Solving

About Us
Airports Company of South Africa Limited (ACSA) is a majority (94.6%) state-owned South African airport management company. Founded in 1993, ACSA operates nine of South Africa's airports.(2) The company is headquartered at Aviation Park, Western Precinct Building, situated at O.R. Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park, Gauteng, South Africa.

The Aviation Technician will perform maintenance inclusive of servicing, self-inspecting, repairs, overhaul, testing, basic trouble shooting and modifications to aircraft engines, airframes and components in accordance with task cards, check sheets and work instructions, complying with SAAT Manufacturers and regulatory authority requirements to SAA and customer aircraft.

Perform servicing, inspections, repairs, overhauls, maintenance, testing, trouble shooting and modifications to aircraft components on time in accordance with regulatory authority requirements.

Operate support and specialized test equipment and ensure correct and serviceable tooling is obtained and utilized to perform overall/maintenance of components as per approved documentation.

Inspect conditions of parts/components as per applicable regulatory authority requirements and institute corrective actions when required.

Plan and process parts

Perform all reasonable tasks requested by Senior Licence Technician/Production Leader and comply with work instructions manual.

Feedback to Senior Licence Technician/Production Leader on technical discrepancies and daily progress activities to ensure that productivity and safety standards are met.

Optimize and improve utilization of equipment

Complete and stamp all relevant documentation pertaining to each task and in accordance with company policy and regulatory requirements.

Provide technical assistance in other areas

Attend meetings/training/workshops as requested i.e. production meetings, safety, green area meetings etc.

Prepare the work area as per manufacturers requirements and policies and procedures to ensure safe working environment.

Return all tooling equipment to stores and clean work area on completion of task

Issue and return of tooling/test benches in AMOS

Moving of serviceable spares to main stores after workshop finalization

Creation of repair documentation after components received in the work area

Filling of repair documentation and work pack in the archives after components were released into service and retrieve work pack

Order their own spares, collect them from main stores and create GT/3 spares list for their components allocated to them

Clean and prepare their components for processing

Moving spares to repair cycle or between workshops

Grade 12 or equivalent

Completed an Aviation Apprenticeship in Electrcial, Radio or Instrument trades and passed Trade Test (Trade applicable to position above)

Any hangar or a workshop environment experience is advantageous

Current Valid AMEL - Advantageous

Certifications - Advantageous to hold part or full shop certification (workshop environment)

Must be PC literate (AMOS and management reports)

Drivers Licence Code B

Comprehensive knowledge of Regulatory requirements. SACAA, EASA, UKCAA and FAA

Sound knowledge of AMOS and Impact, Excel MS Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Outlook

Have interpersonal Skills

Ordinary communication skills both written and verbal

Self-motivated and motivate others

Be a team player

Demonstrate the SAA values: Customer Focus; Accountability; Integrity; Safety; Excellence In Performance; Valuing Our People

Attention to details

Pride in own workmanship

Be prepared to work extended hours

Analytical Thinking

Conceptual Thinking

Information Seeking

Achievement Orientation

Initiative

Organisational Awareness

Impact and Influence

Teamwork and Cooperation

Customer Service Orientation

Integrity

The onus is on the applicant to prove that he/she meets the minimum requirements on the closing date of the advertisement.

It is therefore essential to ensure that your CV is detailed enough, in other words, makes reference to qualifications, knowledge, skills, experience (inclusive of duties, tenure, designation etc.) and attributes.

• Ensure the safe, secure, and efficient operation of the aircraft in full compliance with aviation regulations, company policies, SOPs, and the Operations Manual (OM);


• Exercise full command authority in operational decision-making, including the right to deny boarding or remove persons/cargo, always prioritising safety;


• Conduct comprehensive pre-flight preparation, including aircraft inspections, weather analysis, route planning, and system checks;


• Pilot and navigate the aircraft across all phases of flight, managing both normal and non-normal operations in coordination with ATC and crew;


• Demonstrate technical proficiency and maintain high standards of flying skills to ensure operational efficiency and passenger safety;


• Lead, coordinate, and support the flight crew, fostering teamwork, discipline, professionalism, and positive morale;


• Communicate effectively with ATC, ground staff, dispatch, and passengers to ensure smooth operational flow and customer confidence;


• Monitor aircraft performance, mass and balance, refuelling, and legal documentation to ensure compliance and continuous airworthiness;


• Manage operational time pressures to achieve OnTime Performance (OTP) while maintaining safety as the overriding priority;


• Represent the company with professionalism at all times, upholding high standards of conduct, discipline, and appearance.

• Grade 12 or Equivalent (Essential);


• ATPL License (Essential);


• Minimum of 5000 hours TT and 2000 PIC >50T (Essential) OR;


• 5000 hours TT and 1000 PIC 737 or similar (Essential);


• Must have recent experience (within the past 24 months) as Pilot-in-Command (PIC) on a large commercial airliner operating under Part 121, such as a Boeing 737 or an equivalent type (e.g., Airbus) (Essential);


• No existing medical conditions that will affect his/her role as Captain (Essential);


• Ability to work irregular hours (Essential);


• Willing to sign an Upgrade Training Bond (Essential);


• Knowledge of Air Traffic Control Airspace and procedures;


• Good knowledge of South African CARS and CATS;


• Knowledge of Doc 8168;


• Excellent knowledge of the Safair OM, Boeing SOP's - Normal & Non-Normal procedures.

Personal Attributes:

• Professional;


• High integrity;


• Reliable and dependable;


• Flexible and adaptable;


• Committed to customer service;


• High safety priority;


• Excellent Situational awareness;


• Positive attitude;


• Team player;


• Assertive


• Excellent Communication Skills;


• Leadership & Crew Management skills;


• Mentoring skills;


• Good interpersonal skills;


• Immaculate time keeping;


• Good decision-making skills;


• Workload Management.

Application guideline:

• Email applications will not be accepted;


• Preference will be given to members of under-represented designated groups;


• Should no feedback be provided within two (2) weeks from the closing date, please consider your application as unsuccessful.

FlySafair reserves the right: *

• Not to proceed with this vacancy; 


• To appoint the selected candidates based on its operational requirements.

Closing Date: 30 September 2025

• Operations:
  
  
  
  • Ensure safety of flight in a timely manner;
  
  
  • Monitor the flight path and systems of the aircraft;
  
  
  • Perform checks and procedures before, during and after each flight;
  
  
  • Communicate with internal departments, external service providers and passengers;
  
  
  • Navigate and operate the flight;
  
  
  • Ensure compliance with regulations and company policies and procedures;
  
  
  • Uphold the company core competitive edge (i.e., excellent customer service);
  
  
  • Submit accurate and complete legal administrative documentation;
  
  
  • In the event of the incapacitation of the Captain, the First Officer will assume command;
  
  
  
  


• The First Officer must take all reasonable steps to: 
  
  
  
  • Stay updated with the applicable SACAA and international aviation laws, and company Operation manual/s;
  
  
  • Maintain familiarity with such provisions of the company Operations Manual as are necessary to fulfil the required function;
  
  
  • Assist the Captain as requested concerning operational and administrative duties in relation to the flight;
  
  
  • Assist the Captain in upholding a high standard of crew discipline, behaviour, and personal appearance;
  
  
  
  


• The First Officer shall:
  
  
  
  • Carry out such duties concerning the flight, in accordance with FlySafair Standard Operating Procedures, including procedures, limitations and performance relating to the specific aircraft type;
  
  
  • Furthermore, the Captain can allocate any additional duties as required;
  
  
  • Confirm the safe navigation of the aircraft, maintaining a continuous and independent check upon both the geographical position of the aircraft and its safe terrain clearance;
  
  
  • Volunteer such advice, information and assistance to the Captain as may contribute favourably towards the safe and efficient conduct of the flight;
  
  
  • Maintain a high personal standard of discipline, conduct and appearance as a representative of the Company;
  
  
  • Support the Captain in the development and maintenance of a high standard of professional expertise and morale amongst the crew;
  
  
  • Ensure compliance with the companies operations manual at all times.
  
  
  
  


• Pre-Flight:
  
  
  
  • The First Officer must be fully aware of the planned flight route, contents of briefing sheets, and the forecast with conditions and runway states at the destination and alternate aerodromes;
  
  
  • Perform all checks outlined in the Operations Manual and fill out all required documents accordingly;
  
  
  • Work collaboratively with the Captain to review all documents and information necessary to make an informed decision regarding fuel selection, alternates, and any restrictions that may be present on the flight;
  
  
  
  


• In-Flight:
  
  
  
  • Perform or monitor the execution of all normal, abnormal and emergency checklists in the manner specified in the Operations;
  
  
  • Manual and ensure that they are all properly completed;
  
  
  • Monitor all aspects of the flight, checking that correct procedures and techniques are used, crosschecking all flight instrument indications, especially altitude/height, speed and heading, and advising the Captain immediately If the aircraft deviates from the planned flight path, or if the pilot observes the onset of a hazardous situation, or if any abnormal instrument reading, warning light, or indicator is detected;
  
  
  • Conduct R/T communications as and when required;
  
  
  
  


• Post-Flight:
  
  
  
  • Ensure all post-flight procedures are completed as per the OM and FCOM;
  
  
  • Submit all relevant documentation and/ or reports i.e. IQSMS.
  
  
  
  

• Grade 12 or equivalent;


• SACAA Commercial (Essential);


• SACAA ATPL (Preferred);


• Class 1 SACAA Medical (Essential);


• Type rated on Boeing (Advantageous);


• Experience on Commercial Jets over 20 Tons (Advantageous);


• Non-Type Rated or Boeing Type rated with a minimum of 1500 Hours, of which shall include 500 hours Multi-Turbine time (Essential);


• Multi Crew experience (Essential);


• No existing medical conditions;


• Willing to sign applicable training bond/s;


• No criminal record; - Willing to undergo a drug and alcohol test;


• Own transport and RSA Driver’s License;


• SA Citizen with proof of identity;


• Valid RSA Passport;


• Must be willing to work irregular hours on a roster;


• Must have detailed knowledge and understanding of National Aviation regulations such as SACAA, ICAO;


• Knowledge of Doc 8186 (Essential);


• Knowledge of Commercial and Airline Transport Pilots licensing content.

Personal Attributes:

• Immaculate time keeping;


• Good interpersonal skills;


• Professional;


• High integrity;


• Well-groomed;


• Disciplined;


• Excellent Situational awareness;


• Good leadership skills;


• Ability to work irregular hours;


• Positive attitude;


• Be able to handle high levels of responsibility/pressure;


• Be a team player and keep up positive morale;


• Excellent writing skills;


• Excellent communication skills.

• Operations:
  
  
  
  • Ensure safety of flight in a timely manner;
  
  
  • Monitor the flight path and systems of the aircraft;
  
  
  • Perform checks and procedures before, during and after each flight;
  
  
  • Communicate with internal departments, external service providers and passengers;
  
  
  • Navigate and operate the flight;
  
  
  • Ensure compliance with regulations and company policies and procedures;
  
  
  • Uphold the company core competitive edge (i.e., excellent customer service);
  
  
  • Submit accurate and complete legal administrative documentation;
  
  
  • In the event of the incapacitation of the Captain, the First Officer will assume command;
  
  
  
  


• The First Officer must take all reasonable steps to: 
  
  
  
  • Stay updated with the applicable SACAA and international aviation laws, and company Operation manual/s;
  
  
  • Maintain familiarity with such provisions of the company Operations Manual as are necessary to fulfil the required function;
  
  
  • Assist the Captain as requested concerning operational and administrative duties in relation to the flight;
  
  
  • Assist the Captain in upholding a high standard of crew discipline, behaviour, and personal appearance;
  
  
  
  


• The First Officer shall:
  
  
  
  • Carry out such duties concerning the flight, in accordance with FlySafair Standard Operating Procedures, including procedures, limitations and performance relating to the specific aircraft type;
  
  
  • Furthermore, the Captain can allocate any additional duties as required;
  
  
  • Confirm the safe navigation of the aircraft, maintaining a continuous and independent check upon both the geographical position of the aircraft and its safe terrain clearance;
  
  
  • Volunteer such advice, information and assistance to the Captain as may contribute favorably towards the safe and efficient conduct of the flight;
  
  
  • Maintain a high personal standard of discipline, conduct and appearance as a representative of the Company;
  
  
  • Support the Captain in the development and maintenance of a high standard of professional expertise and morale amongst the crew;
  
  
  • Ensure compliance with the companies operations manual at all times.
  
  
  
  


• Pre-Flight:
  
  
  
  • The First Officer must be fully aware of the planned flight route, contents of briefing sheets, and the forecast with conditions and runway states at the destination and alternate aerodromes;
  
  
  • Perform all checks outlined in the Operations Manual and fill out all required documents accordingly;
  
  
  • Work collaboratively with the Captain to review all documents and information necessary to make an informed decision regarding fuel selection, alternates, and any restrictions that may be present on the flight;
  
  
  
  


• In-Flight:
  
  
  
  • Perform or monitor the execution of all normal, abnormal and emergency checklists in the manner specified in the Operations;
  
  
  • Manual and ensure that they are all properly completed;
  
  
  • Monitor all aspects of the flight, checking that correct procedures and techniques are used, crosschecking all flight instrument indications, especially altitude/height, speed and heading, and advising the Captain immediately If the aircraft deviates from the planned flight path, or if the pilot observes the onset of a hazardous situation, or if any abnormal instrument reading, warning light, or indicator is detected;
  
  
  • Conduct R/T communications as and when required;
  
  
  
  


• Post-Flight:
  
  
  
  • Ensure all post-flight procedures are completed as per the OM and FCOM;
  
  
  • Submit all relevant documentation and/ or reports i.e. IQSMS.
  
  
  
  

• Grade 12 or equivalent;


• SACAA Commercial (Essential);


• SACAA ATPL (Preferred);


• Class 1 SACAA Medical (Essential);


• Type rated on Boeing (Advantageous);


• Experience on Commercial Jets over 20 Tons (Advantageous);


• Non-Type Rated or Boeing Type rated with a minimum of 1500 Hours, of which shall include 500 hours Multi-Turbine time (Essential);


• Multi Crew experience (Essential);


• No existing medical conditions;


• Willing to sign applicable training bond/s;


• No criminal record;


• Willing to undergo a drug and alcohol test;


• Own transport and RSA Driver’s License;


• SA Citizen with proof of identity;


• Willing to undergo Psychometric assessments;


• Valid RSA Passport;


• Must be willing to work irregular hours on a roster;


• Must have detailed knowledge and understanding of National Aviation regulations such as SACAA, ICAO;


• Knowledge of Doc 8186 (Essential);


• Knowledge of Commercial and Airline Transport Pilots licensing content.

Personal Attributes:

• Immaculate time keeping;


• Good interpersonal skills;


• Professional;


• High integrity;


• Well-groomed;


• Disciplined;


• Excellent Situational awareness;


• Good leadership skills;


• Ability to work irregular hours;


• Positive attitude;


• Be able to handle high levels of responsibility/pressure;


• Be a team player and keep up positive morale;


• Excellent writing skills;


• Excellent communication skills.

Application Guideline:

• Email applications will not be accepted;


• Should you already have applied and needing to update your profile, kindly send a mail to ;


• Preference will be given to members of under-represented designated groups;


• Should no feedback be provided within two (2) weeks from the closing date, please consider your application as unsuccessful.

FlySafair reserves the right:

• Not to proceed with this vacancy;


• To appoint the selected candidates based on its operational requirement.